Txe735.jpg' alt='Unix File Permissions Cheat Sheet' title='Unix File Permissions Cheat Sheet' />Linux Commands A practical reference. This is a linux command line reference for common operations. Examples marked with are validsafe to paste without modification into a terminal, soyou may want to keep a terminal window open while reading this so you can cut paste. All these commands have been tested both on Fedora and Ubuntu. See also more linux commands. Command. Descriptionapropos whatis. Show commands pertinent to string. Linux Command Cheat Sheet and examples for penetration testing. See also threadsafeman t ascii ps. Show full path name of command time command. See how long a command takestime cat. Start stopwatch. Ctrl d to stop. See also swdir navigationcd Go to previous directorycd. Go to HOME directory cd dir commandGo to dir, execute command and return to current dirpushd. Put current dir on stack so you can popd back to itfile searchingalias lls l colorautoquick dir listing. See also lls lrt. List files by date. See also newest and findmmyyyyls usrbin pr T9 WCOLUMNSPrint in 9 columns to width of terminal find name. E exprSearch expr in this dir and below. See also findrepo find type f print. F exampleSearch all regular files for example in this dir and below find maxdepth 1 type f xargs grep F exampleSearch all regular files for example in this dir find maxdepth 1 type d while read dir do echo dir echo cmd. Process each item with multiple commands in while loopfind type f Find files not readable by all useful for web sitefind type d Find dirs not accessible by all useful for web sitelocate r file. Search cached index for names. This re is like glob ile Quickly search sorted dictionary for prefixgrep color reference usrsharedictwords. Highlight occurances of regular expression in dictionaryarchives and compression gpg c file. Unix/UnixPermissions.gif' alt='Unix File Permissions Cheat Sheet' title='Unix File Permissions Cheat Sheet' />Encrypt file gpg file. Decrypt file tar c dir b Make compressed archive of dir b In this article, we will introduce you a list of most frequently used Linux commands with their examples for easy learning. Unix Linux Cheat Sheet. File System. ls list items in current directory. A long time ago, I started writing a tool to look for local privilege escalation vectors on Windows systems e. Extract archive use gzip instead of b Make encrypted archive of dir on remote machine find dir name Make archive of subset of dir and below find dir name Make copy of subset of dir and below  tar c dirtocopy cd whereto tar x p Copy with permissions copy dir to whereto dir  cd dirtocopy tar c. Copy with permissions contents of copy dir to whereto  tar c dirtocopy ssh C userremote cd whereto tar x p Copy with permissions copy dir to remote whereto dir dd bs1. M ifdevsda gzip ssh userremote dd ofsda. An Introduction To Crime And Criminology Pdf. Backup harddisk to remote machinersync Network efficient file copier Use the dry run option for testing rsync P rsync rsync. Only get diffs. Do multiple times for troublesome downloads rsync bwlimit1. Locally copy with rate limit. Its like nice for IO rsync az e ssh delete publichtml remote. Mirror web site using compression and encryption rsync auz e ssh remote dir. Synchronize current directory with remote onessh Secure SHell ssh USERHOST command. Run command on HOST as USER default commandshellssh f Y USERHOSTNAME xeyes. Run GUI command on HOSTNAME as USER scp p r USERHOST file dirCopy with permissions to USERs home directory on HOST scp c arcfour USERLANHOST bigfile. Use faster crypto for local LAN. This might saturate Gig. E ssh g L 8. 08. HOSTForward connections to HOSTNAME 8. HOST 8. 0 ssh R 1. HOSTForward connections from HOST 1. USERHOST Install public key for USERHOST for password less log inwget multi purpose download toolcd dir wget nd p. HEKk http www. Store local browsable version of a page to the current dir wget c http www. Continue downloading a partially downloaded file wget r nd np l. A jpg http www. Download a set of files to the current directory wget ftp remotefile1 9. FTP supports globbing directlywget q O http www. Process output directly echo wget url at 0. Download url at 1. AM to current dir wget limit rate2. Do a low priority download limit to 2. KBs in this case wget nv spider force html i bookmarks. Check links in a file wget mirror http www. Efficiently update a local copy of a site handy from cronnetworking Note ifconfig, route, mii tool, nslookup commands are obsolete ethtool eth. Show status of ethernet interface eth. Manually set ethernet interface speed iw dev wlan. Show link status of wireless interface wlan. Manually set wireless interface speediw dev wlan. List wireless networks in rangeip link show. List network interfaces ip link set dev eth. Rename interface eth. Bring interface eth. List addresses for interfaces ip addr add 1. Add or del ip and mask 2. List routing table ip route add default via 1. Set default gateway to 1. List internet services on a systemss tup. List active connections tofrom systemhost pixelbeat. Lookup DNS ip address for name or vice versahostname i. Lookup local ip address equivalent to host hostnamewhois pixelbeat. Lookup whois info for hostname or ip addresswindows networking Note samba is the package that provides all this windows specific networking supportsmbtree. Find windows machines. See also findsmb nmblookup A 1. Find the windows netbios name associated with ip address smbclient L windowsbox. List shares on windows machine or samba server mount t smbfs o fmask6. Mount a windows share echo message smbclient M windowsbox. Send popup to windows machine off by default in XP sp. Note sed uses stdin and stdout. Newer versions support inplace editing with the i option sed sstring. Replace string. 1 with string. Modify anystring. Remove comments and blank lines sed a N sn taConcatenate lines with trailing  sed s tRemove trailing spaces from lines sed s1gEscape shell metacharacters active within double quotesseq 1. Right align numbersseq 1. Duplicate a column sed n 1. Print 1. 00. 0th line sed n 1. Print lines 1. 0 to 2. T qExtract title from HTML web page sed i 4. Delete a particular line sort t. Sort IPV4 ip addressesecho Test tr lower upper Case conversiontr dc print lt devurandom. Filter non printable characterstr s blank t lt procdiskstats cut f. Count linesseq 1. Concatenate and separate line items to a single lineset operations Note you can export LANGC for speed. Also these assume no duplicate lines within a file sort u file. Union of unsorted files sort file. Intersection of unsorted files sort file. Difference of unsorted files sort file. Symmetric Difference of unsorted files join t0 a. Union of sorted files join t0 file. Intersection of sorted files join t0 v. Difference of sorted files join t0 v. Symmetric Difference of sorted filesmathecho 1 sqrt52 bc l. Quick math Calculate. See also bcseq f 4g 1 2 9. Calculate the unix wayecho pad2. More complex int e. This shows max Fast. E packet rateecho pad2. E6padmin python. Python handles scientific notationecho pad2. Plot Fast. E packet rate vs packet sizeecho obase1. Base conversion decimal to hexadecimalecho 0x. Base conversion hex to dec shell arithmetic expansionunits t 1. Unit conversion metric to imperialunits t 5. GB Gi. BUnit conversion SI to IEC prefixes. See also numfmtunits t 1 googolDefinition lookupseq 1.